SCHOOL COLLEGE PROJECTS-SEMINARS...

In Todays world we can save on our electricity bills by switching to alternative sources of power.

Circuit of solar panel based charger





Slolar panel described here is capable of delivering a power of 5 watts. At full sunlight, the solar panel outputs 16.5V. It can deliver a current of 300-350 mA. Using it you can charge three
types of batteries: lead acid, Ni-Cd and Li-ion. The lead-acid batteries are commonly used in emergency lamps and UPS.

The working of the circuit is simple. The output of the solar panel is fed via diode 1N5402 (D1), which acts as a polarity guard and protects the solar panel. An ammeter is connected in series between diode D1 and fuse to measure the current flowing during charging of the batteries. As shown in Fig

we have used an analogue multimeter in 500mA range. Diode D2 is used for protection against
reverse polarity in case of wrong connection of the lead-acid battery. When you connect wrong polarity, the fuse will blow up.

For charging a lead-acid battery, shift switch S1 to ‘on’ position and use connector ‘A.’ After
you connect the battery, charging starts from the solar panel via diode D1, multimeter and fuse. Note that pulsating DC is the best for charging lead-acid batteries. If you use this circuit for charging a lead-acid battery, replace it with a normal pulsating DC charger once a week. Keep checking the water level of the lead-acid battery. Pure DC voltage normally leads to deposition
of sulphur on the plates of lead-acid batteries.

For charging Ni-Cd cells, shift switches S1 and S3 to ‘on’ position and use connector ‘B.’ Regulator IC 7806 (IC1) is wired as a constant-current source and its output is taken from the middle terminal (normally grounded). Using this circuit, a constant current goes to Ni-Cd cell for charging. A total of four 1.2V cells are used here. Resistor R2 limits the charging current.


For charging Li-ion battery (used in mobile phones), shift switches S1 and S2 to ‘on’ position and use connector ‘C.’ Regulator IC 7805 (IC2) provides 5V for charging the Li-ion battery. Using this circuit, you can charge a 3.6V Li-ion cell very easily. Resistor R3 limits the charging current.

This type of battery is different from a conventional car battery, as it is designed to be more tolerant of the kind of ongoing charging and discharging you would expect when you have variable sunshine from one day to the next.